20 20 1884 https://april16archive.org/files/original/im_070417_april16_025_32bd5806aa.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-31 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-31 10:35:07 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivan V. Morozov Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-31 Description An account of the resource 2007.04.17. Crowd listening to the Convocation speakers Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Crowd convocation lane stadium student Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Koke Providencia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-07 Description An account of the resource Publicado por Koke Providencia en 4/19/2007 Los cuatro millones de seguidores de la Asociación Nacional de Rifles o NRA, por sus siglas en inglés, son uno de los grupos de presión más exitosos de Estados Unidos. La organización posee todos los requisitos para la actividad influenciadora: una moderna oficina en Capitol Hill, un departamento de telemarketing e influyentes lobbistas de alto perfil. Además, la NRA tiene cerca de un millón organizadores y estrategas políticos a través del país. En época de elecciones se puede estar seguro que un 95% de sus miembros irá a votar en un país donde 50% representa una alta votación. Esto significa que la organización puede fácilmente hacer la diferencia en elecciones estrechas, y su posición en el escenario político se ha vuelto muy importante junto con el otro grupo conservador norteamericano: la Coalición Cristiana. El lobby pro-armas ha dado resultados: ha evitado que la Corte Suprema norteamericana derogue la Segunda Enmienda, que autoriza y eleva a derecho constitucional el porte de armas. Su influencia creció dentro de lo que fue la mayoría republicana hasta el año pasado en la Cámara de Representantes. El gobierno del Presidente Bush ha prometido a la NRA apoyo en uno de sus más preciados objetivos: una ley que proteja a fabricantes y usuarios de armas de toda acción legal. Sin embargo, Bush ha admitido que la prohibición de las armas de asalto también será una realidad, porque también hay que ganarse el apoyo de los moderados. Pero por qué en Estados Unidos se permite comprar, vender y usar armas? Por una parte, en un punto de vista complicado del asunto, debemos retrotraernos a los comienzos de aquél país, al peligro que significaron los ingleses, el peligro de los aborígenes, los nuevos retos de la colonización del oeste norteamericano, el gran tamaño del país, etc; por otra parte debemos tener en cuenta el respeto de la propiedad privada y el uso de cualquier medio para protegerla, la ética comunitaria en que todos los vecinos se protegen entre ellos, etc. Por otra parte, si vemos el punto de vista simple del asunto, concluímos que simplemente la autodefensa es un derecho humano inherente a nuestra propia naturaleza, sin perjuicio que la gran mayoría no sepa usar una arma o no tenga la capacidad intelectual o mental para hacerlo. Sería una contradicción para el espíritu norteamericano. Sin embargo, existe una razón que muchos desconocen: Estados Unidos es un país federal y libertario. Y en un país federal tan grande, con tantas expresiones políticas, es muy factible que existan movimientos de resistencia al gobierno federal y, por último, existan las garantías -incluso las más rudimentarias- para defender las libertades y la democracia. Y en ese sentido es mucho mejor crear una normativa que deje el uso de las armas en manos de particulares individuales que solamente en manos de grupos armados como la policía, el ejército, la guardia nacional, o incluso, las temidas milicias antifederales. Además, nunca se sabe si en el futuro estos cuerpos armados puedan ser usados en contra de los ciudadanos. Ahora, con respecto a lo sucedido en Virginia Tech, el argumento sobre si la administración de la universidad o la policía son responsables de la matanza de los estudiantes a manos del joven coreano que todo el mundo conoce, me parece que no corresponde. Todos los participantes en el debate deberían tener en cuenta que Cho Seung-Hui es el único responsable por esta masacre. Él estuvo dispuesto a entregar dolor y muerte sobre la mayor cantidad de personas inocentes posible, en un odioso cuadro de destrucción. Él tomó decenas de prometedoras vidas, y luego la propia. Esos fueron actos de pura maldad, un recordatorio de que el mal se mueve y está en todas partes. Tras otros tiroteos similares, los defensores del control de armas han argumentado que un aumento en las restricciones al porte de armas significará el fin de estos baños de sangre. Después de Columbine en 1999, incluso el candidato republicano John McCain habló sobre aumentar la regulación para las exposiciones de armas y las armas de asalto. Editoriales más liberales como el New York Times están culpando a Virginia por sus permisivas leyes pro-armas. El Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, nacido después de Columbine, ha criticado a Virginia por no requerir entrenamiento en el uso seguro de armas, no tener requerimientos de seguros para niños en las armas, no tener revisiones para las exposiciones de armas y no demandar antes de la venta de una arma la huella balística correspondiente. Todas esas supuestas deficiencias son irrelevantes a lo que sucedió en Virginia Tech. Cho Seung-Hui obviamente sabía utilizar una arma muy bien, y no tenía por qué preocuparse por el seguro para niños y no tenía por qué haber comprado la pistola en una exposición. Además, como no hubo dificultad en relacionar las rondas que él disparó, la huella balística no hubiese servido para nada. Sus armas no eran de asalto, sino que comunes pistolas semiautomáticas que nadie se atreve seriamente a prohibir en EE.UU. El hecho infortunado en realidad es que los asesinos en masa no serán contenidos por ninguna ley anti-armas, como lo demostró Cho Seung-Hui al tener sus armas en el campus, en contravención a las políticas del campus. Él no tenía permiso para portar armas y había borrado el número de serie de su pistola, lo que es un delito federal. Tal vez, quizás, Virginia incluso debería liberalizar las reglas con respecto a las armas. Se debería permitir el uso de armas en el campus también. Es entendible que existan aprensiones por parte de mucha gente a esta propuesta, pero existen muchos precedentes en Estados Unidos sobre tiroteos que fueron evitados por otras personas que tenían armas. Si alguien más hubiese estado armado en el Norris Hall, donde el asesino mató a sus primeras víctimas, éste no hubiese podido usar sus armas por más de 20 minutos, matando a muchas víctimas más a través del campus. La psicología humana no puede ser controlada por la política pública, la normativa legal o decisiones estratégicas, porque no hubiese detenido a Cho Seung-Hui de llevar a cabo su monstruoso plan, como ha sucedido innumerables veces a través de la historia humana. En un mundo ideal todos esos atroces acontecimientos hubiesen sido evitables. En este no. -- Fuente Original: El Conservador Resiliente - Santiago de Chile <a href="http://jadpvista.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html">http://jadpvista.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html</a> Licencia de uso: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/cl/"> Creative Commons Atribución-LicenciarIgual 2.0 Chile Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Atribución-LicenciarIgual 2.0 Chile Title A name given to the resource Cuestión de política y psicología. leyes antiarmas poltica psicologa Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andercismo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource Publicado por Andercismo Los últimos acontecimientos en Estados Unidos - desagrdables por supuesto - nos trae a tema la cuestion del ¿por qué?. Definitivamente en este país existe una cultura que promueve la violencia pero quizás el tema vaya mucho mas alla y se trate en realidad de un modelo socioeconomico capitalista el verdadero responsable de todo esto. Recordemos primero que Los Estados Unidos constituyen tal vez el único país del mundo donde sus ciudadanos cometen actos de violencia mortal contra profesores, administradores y estudiantes en recintos escolares. Vale empezar aclarando que el estado norteamericano promueva la idea de que las armas y el uso de la violencia son un método para conseguir la libertad. La política armamentista del presidente Bush solo alimenta esta ideologia en una sociedad con un marco de conflicitividad social, pensado esto, no es tan sorprendete el tipo de matanzas que cada cierto tiempo llenan de dolor al pueblo estadounidense. Estados Unidos posee casi un arma por habitante, sumado a esto es necesario destacar los altos niveles de desigualdad social que existe en el país: esto es altos indices de pobreza, de encarcelamiento y de represión. No es el "País de la Libertad como se cree". Este país tiene recogida en la segunda enmienda de su Constitución el derecho de los ciudadanos a portar armas de fuego. La tradición que acoge esta disposición legal crea una espiral diabólica en la que la existencia de delitos promovidos con armas de fuego motiva que las personas caigan en la tentación de disponer de éstas, lo que a su vez promueve su uso. Sin lugar a dudas acontecimientos como los de Virginia Tech y Columbine no seran los mas impresionantes ni los últimos. Estados Unidos es un país que desde el 11-S ha sido victima de una paronoia genralizada y obsesiva con la seguridad, lo cual ha justificado una guerra en la que casi todos los días se reportan tragedias de la misma o mayor magnitud de lo ocurrido hoy en Virginia, resulta contradictorio con la política Bush que la mayor amenaza a la seguridad nacional no sea el terrorismo o los regimenes islamicos sino su propia población y millones de armas que circulan libremente. El gobierno norteamericano gasta miles de millones de dólares de su presupuesto para el Departamento de Seguridad Interna, a pesar de ello y de los códigos de color para alertas de amenazas a la seguridad nacional, hay muy poca regulación y es muy limitado y a veces nulo, el control de las aproximadamente 200 millones de armas de fuego en manos privadas en este país, suficientes para armar a cada hombre y mujer en este país. No hay un registro preciso de armas de fuego en manos de civiles en los Estados Unidos. Se calcula que son más de doscientos millones de pistolas, revólveres, rifles y armas de guerra que, en la mayoría de los estados, pueden ser adquiridas con un ligero trámite en el que no tener antecedentes penales es la única condición exigida por las autoridades para ejercer el derecho constitucional a poseer un arma. Según cifras oficiales del Centro Federal de Control de Enfermedades, en los últimos cinco años (las cifras más recientes son de 2004), más de 148 mil personas han muerto por una arma de fuego en Estados Unidos, de éstos, 14 mil 500 son menores de edad. En un año murieron 29 mil 569 personas a causa de armas de fuego, un promedio de 81 personas por día o una persona asesinada cada 18 minutos, reporta la organización Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, con cálculos hechos con información oficial. De acuerdo con el Brady Campaign, se calcula que 39 por ciento de los hogares en Estados Unidos tiene una arma de fuego. Se registran ventas de entre 3 a 4 millones de armas de fuego al año, y se calcula que entre uno y tres millones adicionales se intercambian en mercados secundarios. Los heridos por bala sumaron 69 mil 825 en 2005; más de 191 al día. Una investigación de los costos económicos directos e indirectos de la violencia con armas de fuego en Estados Unidos se calculó en 100 mil millones al año, informó el Brady Campaign. Sin embargo y a pesar de tener una lamentable tradición de matanzas como las de Columbine, y varios más que se han registrado desde entonces, incluyendo recientemente la muerte de cinco niñas en la escuela rural de Amish, no se ha promovido en un mayor control de armas. De hecho, organizaciones que se dedican a promover leyes de control informan que la mayoría de los estados no requiere que los dueños de armas tengan licencia o que sean registradas y miles de armas son compradas en ferias sin verificación del historial criminal del comprador, mientras que los bancos de datos sobre criminales no son actualizados, permitiendo que delincuentes obtengan armas fácilmente. Peor aun, la agrupación New Yorkers Against Gun Violence recordó que "desde la tragedia de Columbine, es ahora más fácil obtener armas", y detalla cómo gobiernos estatales han promulgado leyes que minan esfuerzos para controlar las armas. Además, acusa que el Departamento de Justicia ha promovido medidas que hacen más difícil detectar quién está comprando armas, mientras que el Congreso ha promulgado medidas que en los hechos facilitan el tráfico ilegal. La falta de un control de armas de fuego ha sido un triunfo de poderosas agrupaciones de cabildeo, en particular la Asociación Nacional del Rifle (NRA), que ha convertido el derecho a portar armas en una misión sagrada y patriótica. A pesar de que esta demostrado que la interrelación entre los parámetros de delitos violentos, número de presos, aplicación de la pena de muerte y permiso para comprar armas forman un entramado que retroalimenta a una de las sociedades más violentas del mundo, los dirigentes políticos siguen sin tomar posiciones frente a la libertad de venta de armas y de su uso restringido porque entienden que es una costumbre tan arraigada en los Estados Unidos que enfrentarse a ella tendría negativas influencias electorales. Estados Unidos es una mixtura de una de las sociedades más avanzadas con algunos lastres arcaicos que determinan que la dureza de la ley, la violencia y una de las poblaciones reclusas proporcionalmente más grande nos inviten a dudar de la solidez de ese sistema de vida. Fuente Original: <a href="http://andercismo.blogspot.com/2007/04/cultura-de-violencia-en-estados-unidos.html">http://andercismo.blogspot.com/2007/04/cultura-de-violencia-en-estados-unidos.html</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/"> Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirDerivadasIgual 2.5 Argentina Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirDerivadasIgual 2.5 Argentina Title A name given to the resource CULTURA DE VIOLENCIA EN ESTADOS UNIDOS Y EL SISTEMA CAPITALISTA armas bush capitalismo violencia Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Singer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-10 Description An account of the resource By Sarah Singer Sun City Editor Apr 18 2007 <i>Cornell responds to recent tragedy at Virginia Tech</i> Yesterday, several university officials hosted a media call-in where they discussed safety and security on the Cornell campus in the aftermath of Monday&#39;s shooting at Virginia Polytechnical Institute. The participants were Curt Ostrander, chief of Cornell University Police, Greg Eells, director of counseling and psychological services for Gannett, Tim Marchall, director of mental health initiatives for Gannett and Tommy Bruce, vice president of University communications. Although the tragedy in Virginia did not pose an immediate threat to Cornell&#39;s safety, Eells said he had "some concerns" about the safety of all college campuses during this frightening time. "Traumas like this can make students&#39; own problems more clear to them," he said. "We have heightened the police presence around residential areas," said Ostrander, "and we are being especially attentive to all of campus as well." Although the University is in a heightened state of security, according to Ostrander, anticipating the exact measures it would take if faced with a crisis situation similar to Virginia Tech&#39;s is difficult, but confidently stated, "we have the plans and procedures in place to deal with situations like this," he said. "We would dispatch a multiple officer response," he continued. Ostrander said that the CUPD "assesses the campus every six months" to ensure its high level of safety for students. He also said that there are "training programs in place for resident hall directors on what to do in dangerous situations. We can track who enters and leaves the dorms, and can implement a lockdown if necessary," he said. This effort to maintain a high level of security on campus extends beyond police efforts. Eells emphasized a number of educational initiatives that involve "working with residence halls directors to identify students and reach out to students if they are struggling," he said. He could not outline the specific steps that a counselor would undertake when helping a student as he said such would have to be determined "on a case-by-case basis." However, Ostrander emphasized that if students encounter a physical threat at any time, "they can receive information from the dispatch at any time." Bruce stressed, "student to student programs are extremely important on campus at times like this." Although he is confident in the University&#39;s ability to handle emergency situations, Ostrander said that Cornell&#39;s large size does pose complications when faced with a situation that warrants a school-wide lockdown that would affect 250 major buildings and approximately 30,000 residents. The last shooting that occurred at Cornell was on Sunday, Dec. 17, 1983 when 26-year-old Su Yong Kim of Queens, New York shot and killed two freshmen girls, Young H. Suh &#39;87 and Erin C. Nieswand &#39;87, roommates living in Low Rise 7. Kim was Suh&#39;s ex-boyfriend. He arrived at Suh&#39;s dorm at 11:30 on Saturday night, and Kim unwillingly agreed to see him. After threatening Suh and other dorm residents in her room, Kim agreed to let everyone besides Suh and Nieswan leave the room. The residents immediately called the police, who said the shots were fired at about 11:50 p.m. He used a rifle with a silencer attached. After murdering both women, Kim killed himself, according to an article in The Sun. -- Original Source: <a href= http://cornellsun.com/node/22971>Cornell Daily Sun - April 18, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Jonny Lieberman <jdl46@cornell.edu>, <lieberman.jonny@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource CUPD Assesses Campus Safety 1983 tragedy campus safety cornell https://april16archive.org/files/original/P1010535b_20976b1c63.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-22 23:00:04 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brent Jesiek Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-22 Description An account of the resource On the morning of Monday, August 20 - the first day of Fall 2007 classes - an unidentified visitor places a white daisy next to each victim&#39;s hokie stone at the intermediate memorial. The memorial had been formally dedicated the previous day. Many new flowers and mementos continue to be added to the site, while old items are gradually disposed of or put in storage. Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Title A name given to the resource Daisies After Dedication daisies flowers hokie stones intermediate memorial https://april16archive.org/files/original/P1010021b_81ecd57c4b.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-13 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-13 09:05:41 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brent Jesiek Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-13 Description An account of the resource Daisies and mementos lay on the ground near the intermediate memorial construction site, on the drillfield in front of Burruss Hall. At the time of this photo, volunteers and staff members were cleaning up the area, moving some items to storage and other mementos to the newly finished center of the memorial. Photo taken July 6, 2007. Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Title A name given to the resource Daisies and Mementos construction drillfield intermediate memorial mementos flowers https://april16archive.org/files/original/IMG_0774_21811c8b70.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-04-30 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-04-30 20:46:19 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Marie Baraldi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Baraldi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-04-30 Description An account of the resource I took a picture of these flowers on the drillfield near the memorial. Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Daisies on the drillfield Drillfield flowers vt Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ari Rabkin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-10 Description An account of the resource By Ari Rabkin Apr 26 2007 <i>Between the Lines</i> One of the striking facts about the Virginia Tech shootings was how predictable the murderer&#39;s identity was. The authorities knew long before his rampage that Cho Seung-Hui was not merely "troubled," but dangerous. A court had ruled two years previously that he posed an "imminent danger to himself as a result of mental illness." As a result, he was civilly committed to an outpatient mental-health clinic. He checked out the next day, however, without being effectively treated. In the wake of the shootings, many commentators have decried the gradual decline in involuntary commitment to mental health facilities. The courts, so the thinking goes, should have been more aggressive, and should have committed Cho to an inpatient facility, and not released him until he was judged to be no longer dangerous. But this sort of confinement poses awkward questions. The mentally ill are confined — locked up — not because they have done anything wrong, but because they might be dangerous in the future. Sun Podcast: A podcast is available for this column. Click here to listen to or to download it.Sun Podcast: A podcast is available for this column. Click here to listen to or to download it.To lock people up, not because they are criminals, but because they are dangerous, subverts many of our normal notions of due process. To go free, a criminal defendant needs to rebut a factual allegation; he needs to show that he didn&#39;t commit a particular act. A prisoner confined for being dangerous, however, is in a much more precarious position. "Danger" cannot be proven beyond a reasonable doubt to a jury of laymen, but can only be assessed by expert judgment. To avoid making such judgments, American civil law does not have a general category of "dangerous persons" other than the mentally ill. Sane individuals can normally be imprisoned only after a criminal conviction, for a crime they have already committed. Civil confinement, as it is called, is restricted to those judged to be "mentally abnormal." This category, in addition to violent psychotics and the like, includes repeat sex offenders, a group that society has become increasingly eager to keep off the streets. Many states now allow the government to confine serious sex offenders even after they have served their criminal sentence. Proponents of such "civil confinement" laws argue that these individuals have so strong a compulsion to sexually abuse others that it would be dangerous to release them, and that so long as they are a menace, they should be confined. Enemy prisoners in wartime are yet another class of prisoners, held not as criminals, but as menaces. Unlike the mentally ill, they are held outside of the ordinary legal system entirely. The United States is currently holding hundreds of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, and many others at detention sites in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere. These detainees are not criminals, and often can be charged with no crimes, since American civilian courts do not have jurisdiction over acts committed by foreign nationals outside the United States. Altering the law to cover such cases is an unattractive option. Scooping up foreigners, and trying them before American civilian courts, for acts that were legal when and where they were committed, is a precedent that the government is rightly loathe to set. Non-judicial detention is absolutely necessary. School shootings and suicide bombings have this in common: the perpetrators do not expect to survive, are prepared to go to great lengths to kill others and cannot be deterred. The normal criminal justice system is not designed or equipped to stop such acts. Stopping such acts requires preemptive confinement. But on what terms should so extraordinary a confinement be imposed? There is a striking parallelism between the military&#39;s procedures for detaining enemy combatants, and our civil responses to mental illness. These parallels may help us understand each case by reference to the other. In many states, the mentally ill can be confined after an administrative hearing, with no jury. The standard of proof is generally "clear and convincing evidence," not the proof beyond a reasonable doubt required for criminal conviction. Likewise, terror detainees are evaluated by military review boards, not civil juries. The standard of proof required to hold prisoners at Guantanamo is not precisely defined, but prisoners are routinely released as "no longer dangerous." Locking people away and forgetting them is, of course, abhorrent, and both the mentally ill and terror detainees, are reevaluated on a yearly or bi-yearly basis. Preemptive confinement, while necessary, must not be overused, and the courts have created a number of limitations on its use domestically. Only the "mentally abnormal" may be confined, and only if they pose a substantial risk. Similarly, detention in wartime is constrained by the scope of the war. The prisoners held at Guantanamo are in our custody either because a government with jurisdiction over them turned them over, or because they were seized in an area of active combat operations. The U.S. does not have a general legal right to take prisoners from the soil of the United States or friendly powers. The procedures appropriate for the mentally abnormal are obviously different from those suitable for handling enemy combatants in wartime. The threats posed by the two groups and our legal obligations to each are very different. In both cases, though, the normal mechanisms of reactive justice are insufficient, and society has a compelling interest in confining them, not as punishment, but as prevention. Likewise in both cases, we must balance the risk posed by a dangerous individual versus the rights of that individual, and the risk of confining the innocent. There is no guarantee that a court would have found Cho to be "abnormal," or that harmless individuals will not be confined. Consequently, we owe ourselves, and our prisoners, a clear account as to when this sort of confinement is appropriate, and what standards of proof apply. We owe it to society to do our utmost to protect the innocent from those who, either from illness or malice, would do them harm. <i>Ari Rabkin is a graduate student in Computer Science. He can be contacted at asr32­@­c­o­r­n­ell.edu. Between the Lines appears Thursdays.</i> -- Original Source: <a href=http://cornellsun.com/node/23174>Cornell Daily Sun - April 26, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Jonny Lieberman <jdl46@cornell.edu>, <lieberman.jonny@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Dangerous People? cornell mental illness patients rights https://april16archive.org/files/original/024(2) Daniel Alejandro Perez Cueva_ec2fbd6551.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 16:41:35 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Daniel Cueva on the drillfield. Photo taken on 5-1-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Daniel Alejandro Perez Cueva cueva Drillfield memorial Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peruanista Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-25 Description An account of the resource Por Peruanista April 18, 2007 Esta tarde estuve leyendo la historia de Daniel Pérez Cueva, publicada en un diario local. Sentado en el tren de regreso a casa, no pude evitar conmoverme hasta casi llorar. La historia de este compatriota me resulta muy cercana, la historia de su familia, me es conocida por que es la historia de tantos inmigrantes, de mis amigos, mis alumnos, mis vecinos, es mi historia. Y me apena mucho. Una tragedia ha sepultado el esfuerzo de Daniel y de sus padres. Lo siento tanto por ellos. Ser inmigrante en EEUU no es fácil, como algunos podrían creen en Perú. La vida aquí no es un exilio dorado, pues aunque los estándares de calidad de vida son mejores, pero aquí todo cuesta obtener y cada día puede ser una lucha constante para muchos. La historia de Daniel y sus padres, es la historia de tantos peruanos en este país y en el mundo, tratando de encontrar un mejor futuro, que nuestra patria no nos pudo ofrecer lamentablemente. Y esto no es una queja inoportuna, sinó la realidad, aunque de lamentos no se puede vivir. Puedo ver a doña Betty Cuevas tratando de matricular a su hijo en la escuela secundaria, recién llegado de Perú. Tratando de conseguir los certificados de estudios de Lima, traduciéndolos, y vacunando a Daniel para que sea aceptado. Puedo ver a doña Betty trabajando en varios empleos, un full-time y un part-time como hacen tantos inmigrantes, para conseguir el dinero para la educación de sus hijos. Estoy seguro que los familiares en Lima celebraban cada éxito de Daniel, cada carta, llamada, cada noticia, habría sido motivos de orgullo para su padre, aún en la distancia. El sueño de Daniel se apaga, pero el fuego de su ejemplo sigue vivo en la memoria de su familia y amistades. Entre los peruanos inmigrantes, hay un sentimiento de pesar pero también de solidaridad. No solamente los Cueva-Pérez perdieron a un joven talentoso, sino también nuestra comunidad, nuestro primer país. Es tiempo para otros peruanos de continuar el sueño de alcanzar una mejor educación, que Daniel había comenzado. DANIEL THE PERUVIAN STUDENT Today I was reading the story about Daniel Pérez Cueva, published by a local newspaper. Riding the train back home, I couldn&#39;t avoid getting emotional, almost about to cry. The story of my compatriot seemed very close, his family&#39;s story sounds well known because it&#39;s the story of so many immigrants, of my friends, my students, my neighbors, it&#39;s my story. And I am very sad. A tragedy has buried the effort of Daniel and his parents. I am so sorry for them. Being an immigrant in the US is not that easy, as many in Peru might think. Life here is not like a golden exile, because even though life standards are better, but here every thing takes effort to obtain and every day can be a constant struggle for many. The story of Daniel and his parents, is the story of so many Peruvians in this country and the rest of the world, trying to find a brighter future, which sadly we couldn&#39;t find in our country. And this isn&#39;t an impertinent complain, but is reality, though we can&#39;t live out of complaints. I can see doña BettyCuevas trying to enroll his son in high school, right after his arrival from Peru. I can see her trying to get his school transcripts from Lima, translating them, getting Daniel vaccinated so he can be accepted. I can see doña Betty working in several jobs, a full-time and a part-time as many immigrants do so, in order to get the money for her children&#39;s education. I am sure that his relatives in Lima were celebrating each of Daniel&#39;s achievements, every letter and phone call, every news, they had to be a reason for his father to be proud, even if he was far away. Daniel&#39;s dream is extinguished, but the fire of his example is alive in his family and friend&#39;s memory. Among Peruvian immigrants, there is a sorrow feeling but also a solidarity response. The death of a talented young man is not only a lost for the Cueva-Pérez family, but also of our community, and our first country. It&#39;s time for other Peruvians to continue the effort of getting a better education, which Daniel had started. -- Fuente Original: Peruanista <a href="http://peruanista.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html">http://peruanista.blogspot.com/2007_04_01_archive.html</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"> Cretive Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0. Title A name given to the resource DANIEL EL ESTUDIANTE PERUANO / DANIEL THE PERUVIAN STUDENT perez peruanos https://april16archive.org/files/original/002 (2) Daniel Patrick O'Neil_320053c63f.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 15:33:12 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Daniel O&#39;Neil on the drillfield. Photo taken on 4-27-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Daniel Patrick O&#39;Neil Drillfield memorial o'neil https://april16archive.org/files/original/002 Daniel Patrick O'Neil_afdf17fc0a.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 15:34:29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Daniel O&#39;Neil on the drillfield. Photo taken on 5-1-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Daniel Patrick O&#39;Neil Drillfield memorial o'neil https://april16archive.org/files/original/VT 081_609d8d7b25.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-01 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-06-01 11:41:43 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Chad Newswander Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chad Newswander Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-01 Description An account of the resource The area around Daniel&#39;s stone is filled with personal notes, photographs, and flowers. Photo courtesy of Chad Newswander Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission: Photo courtesy of Chad Newswander Title A name given to the resource Daniel Perez Cueva&#39;s Hokie Stone cueva daniel perez cueva hokie rock Hokie stone memorial https://april16archive.org/files/original/P1010054_9e9fad3ca8.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-14 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-14 09:17:10 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brent Jesiek Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-14 Description An account of the resource A weather-worn sign, dedicated to the memory of Daniel Perez, sits on the walkway of the new intermediate memorial. It reads "Good luck Daniel, God is with you." At the time of this photo, staff members and volunteers were cleaning up the site, moving some items to storage and others to the newly completed center of the memorial. Photo taken July 6, 2007. Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Title A name given to the resource Daniel&#39;s Sign intermediate memorial perez sign https://april16archive.org/files/original/article-3296-1026_f403000fcd.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-11 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-07-11 14:32:36 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maggie Goldstein Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-11 Description An account of the resource A participant in Monday night&#39;s vigil ceremony, sporting a Virginia Tech hat, signs a giant card in Collis Cafe. It will be sent to the university Wednesday. Photo: Maggie Goldstein/The Dartmouth Staff Reprinted with the permission of The Dartmouth Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "Edward D. Kalletta III" <publisher@thedartmouth.com> Title A name given to the resource Dartmouth Responds dartmouth messages vigil https://april16archive.org/files/original/1341278001_43f27b81d3_b_4a26023026.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 22:30:33 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278001/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278001/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://april16archive.org/files/original/1341278425_07880c5235_b_b4a65ec382.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:36:47 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performs at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278425/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278425/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://april16archive.org/files/original/1342167070_dc5ebe73b9_b_fefa18702a.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:44:10 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342167070/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342167070/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://april16archive.org/files/original/VT Shrine 1_c534de8061.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-05 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-02-05 22:02:49 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Quinn Densley Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-05 Description An account of the resource FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Quinn Densley 602-740-8569 DAY OF THE DEAD ALTAR TO HONOR VIRGINIA TECH SHOOTING VICTIMS A Day of the Dead shrine honoring the victims of the April 16 shootings at Virginia Tech will be on display at the Vision Gallery in Chandler, Arizona from October 22 - November 4, 2007. A special invitation is extended to Virginia Tech alumni, former students and friends to visit the gallery and pay tribute to their fellow Hokies. The shrine was assembled by artist Ruben Maqueda, who is best known for his work at the Museo Chicano, located in Phoenix, Arizona, where he has most recently created Day of the Dead shrines for the victims of Hurricane Katrina and civil rights activist Cesar Chavez. The shrine will incorporate traditional Mexican elements such as skulls and cut paper, but will also include other items associated with college students. The dominant color scheme of the shrine will be maroon and orange. The public will also have the opportunity to write a message which will be forwarded on to the students, faculty and staff of Virginia Tech. Day of the Dead is a Mexican holiday which dates from pre-Columbian times. It is observed the night of November 1st to the morning of November 2nd. It is believed that on this night, the spirits of the departed return to earth to visit those whom they loved in life. Gravesites are cleaned and decorated, and special altars with offerings of food and drink are erected in honor of the deceased. Admission is free. Vision Gallery is located at 80 S. San Marcos Place in Chandler, Arizona. The gallery is open Monday through Friday 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and Saturday from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. A Day of the Dead festival will take place in historic downtown Chandler on November 3, 2007 from 12:00 to 8:00 p.m. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Quinn Densley (qsdensley@yahoo.com) Title A name given to the resource DAY OF THE DEAD ALTAR TO HONOR VIRGINIA TECH SHOOTING VICTIMS altar arizona day of the dead maqueda ruben maqueda shrine Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alberto Benegas Lynch Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-01 Description An account of the resource Por Alberto Benegas Lynch (H) 6 de junio de 2007 Después de mucho escrutar con atención buena parte de las reacciones que se sucedieron a raíz de la masacre en la Universidad de Virginia Tech en Estados Unidos, me surgen dos consideraciones. En primer lugar, observo que está muy generalizada la idea de que el problema radica en la tenencia de armas de fuego. A pesar de esta difundida creencia, quisiera destacar que siempre son los asaltantes y criminales los que tendrán armas y que la prohibición de contar con armamentos desarma a las víctimas. Se suele caricaturizar el problema con un póster en el que aparece el rostro de un monstruo bajo el cual se introduce el siguiente interrogante: "¿usted permitiría a que esta persona porte armas?", sin percibir que ese es, precisamente, quien las portará en desmedro de sus víctimas. En EE.UU. la Constitución garantiza la tenencia y porte de armas debido a que tradicionalmente los ciudadanos de aquel país han visto a gobernantes como simples empleados para protegerlos. Estiman peligroso desarmarse, del mismo modo que las personas considerarían peligroso desarmarse y entregar todas sus armas a los guardianes que contratan en un barrio. Por otra parte, César Beccaría, el precursor del Derecho Penal, sostiene que prohibir las armas a particulares "sería lo mismo que prohibir el uso del fuego porque quema o del agua porque ahoga [...] Las leyes que prohíben el uso de armas son de la misma naturaleza: desarman a quienes no están inclinados a cometer crímenes [...] Leyes de ese tipo hacen las cosas más difíciles para los asaltados y más fáciles para los asaltantes, sirven para estimular el homicidio en lugar de prevenirlo ya que un hombre desarmado puede ser asaltado con más seguridad por el asaltante". No es por casualidad que los Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, Mao y Castro de nuestro mundo, como primera medida, confiscan las armas de los gobernados. No es por casualidad, que los mayores exponentes de la sociedad abierta son partidarios de la tenencia de armas entre los particulares, como, por ejemplo, es el caso de Cicerón, Ulpiano, Hugo Grotius, Locke, Algernon Sydney, Montesquieu, Edward Coke, Blakstone, George Washington, George Mason, Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson y Jellinek. En segundo término, en estas líneas quiero destacar el coraje del profesor de la mencionada casa de estudios Liviu Librescu quien ofreció su vida por defender a sus alumnos del asesino serial, hoy por todos conocido. El ingeniero Librescu, por su condición de judío, había estado en un campo de concentración en Rumania, su país natal, a manos de los sicarios nazis. A través de la historia aparece muy manoseada y bastardeada la expresión "héroe" ya que se la suele aplicar no para hazañas que revelan coraje moral sino para ciertas sandeces guerreras que nada tienen que ver con la heroicidad. En este caso, debemos rendir tributo a un genuino héroe, quien, además de sus cualidades intelectuales, ha demostrado que los padecimientos generados por la canallada nacionalsocialista, en lugar de amedrentarlo, reforzaron un notable sentido de dignidad y respeto por las vidas que salvó. En Virginia Tech, los alumnos y profesores le rindieron justiciero tributo a este memorable personaje, es de desear que la masacre no desvíe la atención hacia propuestas que en nada ayudan a resolver la hecatombe que horrorizó a todas las personas civilizadas del planeta. -- Fuente Original: El Instituto Independiente <a href="http://independent.typepad.com/elindependent/2007/06/de_armas_y_hroe.html">http://independent.typepad.com/elindependent/2007/06/de_armas_y_hroe.html</a> Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Gabriel Gasave Reasearch Analyst Center On Global Prosperity The Independent Institute ggasave@independent.org August 01, 2007 Title A name given to the resource De armas y héroes adams algernon sydney armas blakstone castro csar beccara edward coke george mason george washington hitler hroes hugo grotius jellinek librescu locke mao montesquieu mussolini patrick henry thomas jefferson tributo